Intelligence Tests: Questions and Answers

What is an intelligence test? An intelligence test is an instrument used to evaluate an individual’s level of cognitive functioning. In essence, an intelligence test measures the examinee’s global capacity, in comparison to their age peers, to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with their environment.

Is there a difference between an Intelligence test and an IQ test? No.

What does IQ mean? IQ is an abbreviation for “intelligence quotient”. An intelligence quotient is a score that a person earns on an intelligence test.

Conceptually*, an intelligence quotient can be understood as a ratio formed by dividing the examinee’s mental age (i.e. the problem-solving age level they obtain on the IQ test) by their chronological age; and then multiplying the result by100. This is represented below:

                              Mental Age

                        ______________  x 100 = IQ

                        Chronological Age

From this formula it is easy to see that the “average” examinee (whose mental age should roughly equal his/her chronological age) would get an IQ score of about 100.

*Current IQ tests use a “deviation IQ” rather than an IQ based upon mental age.

What are intelligence tests used for? Intelligence tests are often the central measure in many different types of assessments including:

·        Detecting delayed cognitive development

·        Determining an appropriate school placement

·        Identifying giftedness

·        Diagnosing a learning disability

·        Determining learning style and learning needs

·        Targeting suitable educational and vocational goals

·        For admissions (e.g., private schools, MENSA, etc.)

·        Assessing neurological impairments, and

·        Tracking the stability of cognitive functioning over time.

Are all IQ tests alike? No. Literally thousands of so-called “IQ tests” are available, but only a very select few are considered acceptable for use when important decisions (such as those listed above) will be based upon the results obtained. All of the tests of this calibre have restricted access, and can only be administered and interpreted by an appropriately trained examiner. 

Can anyone take an IQ test?  Yes. However, not all IQ tests (even the good ones) are meant for everyone. For example, special tests and/or testing procedures are required in the case of visual, hearing, and/or motor handicaps; and for individuals who do not speak the English language. Furthermore, we do not encourage IQ testing of children who are under six years of age because the scores they earn tend to be less reliable than is true for older children.

The Wechsler Family of Tests

The Wechsler Scales are currently the most widely used Intelligence tests. Different scales (i.e., forms) are used with different age groups. Each of these scales provides an appraisal of the examinee’s overall level of intellectual functioning, and an evaluation of their general and specific problem-solving strengths and weaknesses.

The forms in current use, and their respective age groups are as follow:

All are individually administered and presented in a standardized (i.e., uniform) format. The administration time varies from 45 to 90 minutes (or so), depending upon the age, test-taking characteristics, and individual needs of the examinee.

What can I do to prepare to take the test? There is no need to (or purpose in trying to) “study up” for these tests. You don’t need to bring any materials or supplies. You should, however, bring your glasses if you wear them; and wear your hearing aid if one has been prescribed.

What is it like to take one of these tests? Each test has about a dozen different parts (called subtests) that focus on different aptitudes, so you keep moving on to a new activity about each five minutes. The different subtests are quite interesting and highly varied. On some you are required to work as quickly as you can. On others you will have a block of time (that is typically more than sufficient) to get things done. On some, you can take as much time as you want. For some, all that you have to do is look at the materials and point to the correct answer. A few require very short—or even 1-word answers. Others require longer answers. On some subtests you get to work with your hands and build things. On others you will be doing a good deal of thinking, and considering a range of possibilities. Examinees typically find the experience challenging, but pleasurable. Many conclude the session by saying: “That was fun!”

When will I learn what the results mean? We are typically able to begin scoring the test as soon as the administration is completed. Once the results are tabulated, we generally spend about one hour explaining what they mean, and how they should be used. Written reports are usually available within a week.

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